The depreciation for year 2 using MACRS is 480,000.
A large profitable corporation has purchased a small jet plane for use by the firm's engineers. The plane cost 500,000. Let's compute the depreciation for year 2 using MACRS.
MACRS stands for Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System, which is a system of depreciation that was established under the Tax Reform Act of 1986 and is used to depreciate assets in the USA. It allows for quicker write-offs of property through depreciation deductions for the purpose of calculating taxable income.
Under the MACRS depreciation method, an asset is assigned a useful life, after which the asset is fully depreciated over time. The useful life and the depreciation method are determined by the asset class to which the asset belongs. The MACRS system provides a quicker way of depreciating property than the straight-line method. It is widely used to depreciate a wide variety of assets, including equipment, machinery, and buildings.
Table 11-2 gives the half-year convention depreciation percentages for MACRS.
Table 11-3 shows the applicable MACRS percentages and tables for 7-, 10-, 15-, 20-, and 27.5-year properties.
The jet plane has a 5-year MACRS recovery period. According to Table 11-3, the applicable percentage is:
Year 1: 20.00%
Year 2: 32.00%
Year 3: 19.20%
Year 4: 11.52%
Year 5: 11.52%
Year 6: 5.76%
The depreciation for year 2 using MACRS is 480,000.
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Assume That You Have $36,000 Invested In A Stock That Is Returning 11.8%,$18,000 Invested In A Stock That Is Returning 23.3%, And $46,000 Invested In A Stock That Is Returning 11.3%. The Expected Return Of Your Portfolio Is %. Round To The Nearest 0.01% (Drop The % Symbol). E.G., If Your Answer Is 21.93%, Record It As 21.93.
The expected return of your portfolio, you need to calculate the weighted average return of each stock based on their respective investments. The expected return of your portfolio is 13.64%.
1. Multiply each investment amount by the corresponding return rate:
- $36,000 * 11.8% = $4,248
- $18,000 * 23.3% = $4,194
- $46,000 * 11.3% = $5,198
2. Sum up the results from step 1:
$4,248 + $4,194 + $5,198 = $13,640
3. Calculate the total investment amount:
$36,000 + $18,000 + $46,000 = $100,000
4. Divide the sum from step 2 by the total investment amount from step 3:
$13,640 / $100,000 = 0.1364
5. Multiply the result from step 4 by 100 to get the percentage:
0.1364 * 100 = 13.64%
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What is the value of a share of preferred stock that promises to pay $1.79 every year, indefinitely, if you have a required rate of return of 14.00%?
The value of a share of preferred stock that promises to pay $1.79 every year, indefinitely, with a required rate of return of 14.00% is $12.79
The formula for calculating the value of a preferred stock is:
Value of Preferred Stock = Dividend / Required Rate of Return
So, substituting the given values into the formula, we get:
Value of Preferred Stock = $1.79 / 0.14 = $12.79
Therefore, the value of a share of preferred stock that promises to pay $1.79 every year, indefinitely, with a required rate of return of 14.00% is $12.79.
The value of a share of preferred stock is the present value of all future dividend payments, discounted at the required rate of return. Preferred stock is a type of stock that pays a fixed dividend every year, and the dividend payment is usually higher than the dividend paid on common stock. Therefore, the value of preferred stock is based on the expected future dividend payments.
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In the context of purchasing components or materials, what is early procurement involvement?
Early procurement involvement refers to the practice of involving the procurement department or personnel at the early stages of a project or product development process.
This approach allows procurement professionals to provide valuable insights and expertise related to sourcing, pricing, supplier selection, and risk management. By engaging procurement early on, organizations can optimize their procurement strategies and maximize the potential benefits. Early procurement involvement enables organizations to identify potential sourcing challenges and bottlenecks at an early stage.
Procurement professionals can assess the market conditions, identify suitable suppliers, and negotiate favorable terms and conditions. By being involved from the beginning, procurement can also contribute to the design and development process, ensuring that components or materials are selected based on their availability, cost, quality, and compliance with regulations. Furthermore, early procurement involvement fosters collaboration between procurement, engineering, and other relevant departments.
Ultimately, early procurement involvement enhances the overall efficiency and effectiveness of purchasing components or materials, resulting in cost savings, improved supplier relationships, and timely project completion.
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Estimating the DCF Growth Rate [논 LO1] Suppose Wacken, Ltd. just issued a dividend of $2.73 per share on its common stock. The company paid dividends of $2.31,$2.39,$2.48, and $2.58 per share in the last four years. If the stock currently sells for $43, what is your best estimate of the company's cost of equity capital using the arithmetic average growth rate in dividends? What if you use the geometric average growth rate?
The best estimate of Wacken, Ltd.'s cost of equity capital using the geometric average growth rate in dividends is 11.66%.
When Wacken, Ltd. issued a dividend of $2.73 per share on its common stock, the dividends paid by the company in the last four years are: $2.31, $2.39, $2.48 and $2.58. The current stock price is $43.We can estimate the company's cost of equity capital using the arithmetic average growth rate in dividends as follows: We can calculate the arithmetic average growth rate as follows: Average growth rate = (2.31 + 2.39 + 2.48 + 2.58) / 4 = $2.44Therefore, the estimated growth rate for Wacken, Ltd. is $2.44 per share. Next, we can calculate the cost of equity capital using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). CAPM is as follows: CAPM = Rf + β * (Rm – Rf) where Rf is the risk-free rate, β is the beta coefficient, and Rm is the expected market return.
The current risk-free rate is 2.5%, and the expected market return is 11%.We can assume that the beta coefficient for Wacken, Ltd. is 1.2.Using these values, we can calculate the cost of equity capital as follows: CAPM = 2.5% + 1.2 * (11% – 2.5%) = 12.5%Therefore, the best estimate of Wacken, Ltd.'s cost of equity capital using the arithmetic average growth rate in dividends is 12.5%.The geometric average growth rate can be calculated as follows:Geometric average growth rate = (2.31 * 2.39 * 2.48 * 2.58)^(1/4) = $2.44Therefore, the estimated growth rate for Wacken, Ltd. is $2.44 per share. Using the same values for Rf, β, and Rm, we can calculate the cost of equity capital as follows: CAPM = 2.5% + 1.2 * (11% – 2.5% – 2.44%) = 11.66%Therefore, the best estimate of Wacken, Ltd.'s cost of equity capital using the geometric average growth rate in dividends is 11.66%.
When estimating the DCF growth rate, it is important to use an appropriate method to calculate the growth rate. The two most commonly used methods are the arithmetic average growth rate and the geometric average growth rate. The arithmetic average growth rate is calculated by taking the average of the growth rates over a certain period of time. This method is simple to calculate, but it does not take into account the compounding effect of growth over time. The geometric average growth rate is calculated by taking the nth root of the product of the growth rates over a certain period of time.
In general, the geometric average growth rate is a better estimate of the true growth rate than the arithmetic average growth rate. When using either method to estimate the growth rate, it is important to consider the company's history of dividend payments, as well as the current stock price and other factors that may affect the company's future growth. Additionally, it is important to use an appropriate discount rate when calculating the company's cost of equity capital. The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is a commonly used method for calculating the cost of equity capital. By using the appropriate method to estimate the growth rate and the appropriate discount rate to calculate the cost of equity capital, investors can make informed decisions about whether to invest in a particular company.
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1. Answer the following questions and explain your work. 2. Do not attach any other pages. 3. Download, write your answers on this same Question sheet; next, to each question. 4. Don't write your name 5. Upload in the same drop box for the purpose of making comments 6. Don't change the questions or use different values? Question 1. In competitive markets, there are many small firms with each firm unable to influence the market price. Suppose company XYZ operates in the wheat market. The company produces and markets wheats at a Price =$40 per container. The firm's total costs are given as: TC=100+4Q+3Q 2
a) Find the Firm's marginal cost? Show your steps, including graphs. Review additional resources? Hint: See the rules for differentiation b) What is the firm's demand curve? Show it on a graph and label the axes showing P and Q c) What level of output should the firm produce? Hint: Set P=MC and solve for Q. Use a graph to show your answers as well
The firm's marginal cost is MC = 4 + 6Q.
What is the firm's marginal cost?The firm's demand curve represents the relationship between the price of the wheat (P) and the quantity of wheat demanded (Q).
Since the company operates in a competitive market, it faces a horizontal demand curve at the market price of $40 per container.
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You are a sales executive for a national equipment manufacturer. You joined the company straight out of college and have always been proud to work for the organization. Lately, however, you hove become increasingly concerned about the office politics that have been going on ot the corporate headquarters. Several senior executives have left some very suddenly, and a lot of the changes can be traced back to the appointment of the CEO, Bill Thompson. Yesterday it was announced that Alex Dale, the chairman of the company (ond the grandson of the founder) would be retiring ot the end of the month (only two weeks away). The e-mail announcement also clarified that Bill Thompson would be assuming the position of chairman in addition to his role as CEO.You think back to your college ethics course and wonder whether this is really a good thing for the company as a whole. Would combining both roles raise any concerns for stakeholders over effective corporate governance? Why or why not?
Yes, combining both the roles of CEO and Chairman can raise concerns among stakeholders regarding effective corporate governance.
When one person holds both the CEO and Chairman roles, it can lead to a concentration of power. The Chairman is meant to provide independent oversight of the CEO's decisions and actions, but if the same person holds both roles, there might be no independent checks and balances. This could potentially result in decisions that serve the interests of the CEO over those of the company or its shareholders. Stakeholders may fear that their interests are not adequately represented. Furthermore, it may stifle diversity of thought and impede effective decision-making. Therefore, while combining roles may simplify some aspects of decision-making and leadership, it poses significant corporate governance concerns that may impact stakeholder confidence in the company.
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Kaye's Kitchenware has a market/book ratio equal to 1. Its stock price is $14 per share and it has 4.6 million shares outstanding. The firm's total capital is $140 million and it finances with only debt and common equity. What is its debt-to-capital ratio? Round your answer to two decimal places. PLease answer in percent
The debt-to-capital ratio of Kaye's Kitchenware is 2.17.
Given data:
Market/book ratio = 1
Stock price = $14 per share
Total number of outstanding shares = 4.6 million
Total capital = $140 million
Debt-to-capital ratio = ?
To find out the debt-to-capital ratio, we need to first calculate the market value of the equity and total debt.
Let's start with the market value of equity
Market value of equity = Stock price × Total number of outstanding shares
Market value of equity = 14 × 4,600,000
Market value of equity = $64,400,000
Now, let's calculate the total debt. As the debt-to-capital ratio is the proportion of the total debt to the total capital, we will use the following formula to calculate the total debt
Debt-to-capital ratio = Total debt / Total capital
Rearranging the formula
Total debt = Debt-to-capital ratio × Total capital
To find the debt-to-capital ratio, we need to rearrange the given formula as follows:
Debt-to-capital ratio = Total debt / Total capital
Total debt = Debt-to-capital ratio × Total capital
Substitute the given values, we have
64,400,000 = 1 × Total capital
Total capital = $64,400,000
Now, substitute the given values in the above formula
Total debt = Debt-to-capital ratio × Total capital
140,000,000 = Debt-to-capital ratio × 64,400,000
Debt-to-capital ratio = 140,000,000 / 64,400,000
Debt-to-capital ratio = 2.17 (rounded off to two decimal places)
It means that 2.17% of the total capital is financed with debt.
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Suppose you would like to fund the salary of a professor of finance at UALR so that the university could hire an additional faculty member without. incurring ary add tional cost from the university budget. You estimate the salary to be $100,000 per year the first year the position is established. and you want to include a provision to increase the salary each year to cover inflation, estimated to be 3% per year. If you want this new position fo be funded into perpetuity (forever), how much money must you donate to the university foundation today if the foundation can invest the funds at 6\% peryear? (Answer to the nearest dollar.)
The amount you would need to donate to the university foundation today is approximately $791,000.
To calculate the amount of money you must donate to the university foundation today if the foundation can invest the funds at 6% per year, we can use the formula for present value of an annuity:
PV = C * (1 - (1 + r)^-n) / r
where PV is the present value of the annuity, C is the annual payment, r is the interest rate per period, and n is the number of periods.
In this case, C = $100,000 and r = 6%. The inflation rate is 3% per year. Therefore, the salary will increase by 3% each year. To calculate the number of periods, we can use the formula:
n = ln(1 + i) / ln(1 + g)
where i is the interest rate per period and g is the growth rate.
In this case, i = 6% and g = 3%. Therefore,
n = ln(1 + 0.06) / ln(1 + 0.03) ≈ 10.22
So there will be 10 payments in total.
Using the formula for present value of an annuity:
PV = C * (1 - (1 + r)^-n) / r
we get:
PV = $100,000 * (1 - (1 + 0.06)^-10.22) / 0.06 ≈ $791,000
Therefore, you would need to donate approximately $791,000 to fund the salary of a professor of finance at UALR so that the university could hire an additional faculty member without incurring any additional cost from the university budget if you want this new position to be funded into perpetuity (forever).
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If bonds are issued at a premium, the contractual interest rate is the market interest rate.
O equal to
O changed to
O lower than
O higher than
If bonds are issued at a premium, it means that the selling price of the bonds is higher than their face value. Option D is the correct answer.
The contractual interest rate, often known as the coupon rate, is the rate at which the bond issuer guarantees to pay bondholders interest.
The contractual interest rate on bonds issued at a premium is lower than the market interest rate. The market interest rate, also known as the yield or effective interest rate, is the rate of return that investors seek when purchasing a bond. When the bond's selling price rises, the bond's effective interest rate falls.
This link exists because the premium amount represents additional interest income received by the bondholder throughout the life of the bond. Therefore, Option D is the correct answer.
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XYZ Has Three Plants Producing A Certain Product That Is To Be Shipped To Two Distribution Centers (DCs). The Unit Production Costs Are The Same In All Plants And The Unit Shipping Costs Are As Shown Below: Shipments Are Made Weekly And During Each Week A Plant J∈{A,B,C} Produces At Most Sj Units Of Product And Each DC Needs At Least Di Units Of
We would need the specific values for the unit shipping costs, Sj, and Di. Once we have those values, we can calculate the total production capacity of each plant and determine the minimum shipment requirement for each distribution center.
To answer your question, let's break it down step by step:
1. The problem mentions that XYZ has three plants, let's call them Plant A, Plant B, and Plant C. These plants are producing a certain product.
2. The product needs to be shipped to two distribution centers (DCs). We can call them DC1 and DC2.
3. The problem states that the unit production costs are the same in all plants. This means that the cost of producing one unit of the product is the same for Plant A, Plant B, and Plant C.
4. The problem also mentions that the unit shipping costs are as shown below. However, the specific values of the shipping costs are not provided in the question. So, we will need those values to proceed with the calculations.
5. The problem states that shipments are made weekly. This means that the products are shipped once every week.
6. The problem also states that during each week, a plant (Plant A, Plant B, or Plant C) can produce at most Sj units of the product. However, the specific values of Sj are not provided in the question. We will need these values to calculate the total production capacity of each plant.
7. Lastly, the problem mentions that each distribution center (DC1 and DC2) needs at least Di units of the product. Again, the specific values of Di are not provided in the question. We will need these values to determine the minimum shipment requirement for each distribution center.
To fully answer your question, we would need the specific values for the unit shipping costs, Sj, and Di. Once we have those values, we can calculate the total production capacity of each plant and determine the minimum shipment requirement for each distribution center.
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XYZ should calculate the total shipping cost and total production cost for each combination of units sent from plants to DCs. Then, select the combination that minimizes the total cost while meeting all demands.
To determine how many units of product should be sent from each plant to each distribution center (DC) in order to minimize total cost while meeting all demands, XYZ needs to consider the unit production costs and the unit shipping costs.
First, XYZ should calculate the total shipping cost for each possible combination of units sent from plants to DCs. For example, if Plant A produces 50 units, Plant B produces 60 units, and Plant C produces 70 units, the total shipping cost from Plant A to DC 1 would be the unit shipping cost from Plant A to DC 1 multiplied by the number of units sent from Plant A to DC 1, and so on for each combination.
Next, XYZ should determine the total production cost for each combination of units produced by the plants. Since the unit production costs are the same in all plants, the total production cost for each combination can be calculated by multiplying the unit production cost by the total number of units produced.
After calculating the total shipping and production costs for each combination, XYZ should choose the combination that minimizes the total cost while meeting all demands. This means selecting the combination that has the lowest total shipping cost plus the lowest total production cost.
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16 Triple-D Diner has a market-to-book ratio of 2.35, earnings per share of $0.525, and a book value of $0.755 per share. Calculate the price-earnings ratio for the firm. 3.38 3.11 1.71 (D) 1.63 (E) 1.44
This can be represented mathematically as: 2.35 = Market value per share / $0.755Therefore, the market value per share of 16 Triple-D Diner is given by: Market value per share = 2.35 x $0.755
= $1.77325 Earnings per share: Earnings per share (EPS) is a ratio that measures the amount of profit that a company has generated per share of its outstanding common stock. The formula for EPS is given as: EPS = Net income / Total number of outstanding shares Given that the earnings per share of 16 Triple-D Diner is $0.525, it means that the company has generated a profit of $0.525 per share. Book value per share: Book value per share is a ratio that represents the total value of a company's assets that shareholders would receive if the company were to liquidate its assets and pay off all of its liabilities.
The formula for book value per share is given as: Book value per share = Total shareholder equity / Total number of outstanding sharesGiven that the book value per share of 16 Triple-D Diner is $0.755, it means that the total shareholder equity of the company is $0.755 per share .Price-earnings ratio :The price-earnings (P/E) ratio is a valuation ratio that compares a company's current stock price to its earnings per share (EPS). The formula for P/E ratio is given as: P/E ratio = Market price per share / Earnings per share Therefore, the price-earnings ratio for 16 Triple-D Diner is given by: P/E ratio = Market price per share / Earnings per share Substituting the values,
we get:P/E ratio = $1.77325 / $0.525 = 3.38Therefore, the price-earnings ratio for 16 Triple-D Diner is 3.38.
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Is ethics important for businesses and organizations? what is
York perspective in business ethics? Should ethics be included in
other majors than business?
please type
Yes, ethics is important for businesses and organizations. Ethics provide businesses with a framework that guides them on how to make decisions and how to act in a morally responsible manner. This framework helps businesses build trust with their stakeholders, including employees, customers, and shareholders, and it also helps them maintain a positive reputation.
The York perspective on business ethics emphasizes the importance of ethical decision-making for businesses. The university believes that businesses have a social responsibility to act in ways that benefit society and to avoid actions that harm it. This perspective is based on the idea that businesses are not just economic entities, but they also have a social role to play.
Ethics should be included in other majors than business because ethical decision-making is relevant to all fields. For example, in medicine, ethical decision-making is essential because it involves life and death decisions. In law, ethics is important because lawyers must act in a manner that is consistent with their professional responsibilities. Similarly, in engineering, ethics is essential because engineers must design products and systems that are safe for users.
In conclusion, ethics is an important consideration for businesses and organizations. It provides a framework that guides decision-making and helps businesses build trust with their stakeholders. The York perspective on business ethics emphasizes the importance of ethical decision-making, and ethics should be included in other majors besides business because ethical decision-making is relevant to all fields.
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Assume that the domestic volatility (standard deviation in yen) of the Japanese bond market is 8%. The volatility of the yen against the U.S. dollar is 6%.
a. What would the dollar volatility of the Japanese bond market be for a U.S. investor if the correlation between the Japanese stock market returns and exchange rate movements were zero?
b. Suppose the dollar volatility of the Japanese stock market is 11.35%, what can you conclude about the correlation between the Japanese bond market movements and exchange rate movements?
a. The dollar volatility of the Japanese bond market for a U.S. investor, , would still be 8%.
b. The Japanese stock market experiences high volatility, the exchange rate movements tend to exacerbate the volatility experienced by U.S. investors in the Japanese bond market.
a. The dollar volatility of the Japanese bond market for a U.S. investor, assuming zero correlation between the Japanese stock market returns and exchange rate movements, would still be 8%.
b. Given that the dollar volatility of the Japanese stock market is 11.35%, we can infer that there is a positive correlation between the Japanese bond market movements and exchange rate movements. The fact that the dollar volatility of the Japanese stock market exceeds the domestic volatility suggests that exchange rate movements amplify the overall volatility experienced by a U.S. investor in the Japanese bond market. This indicates that when the Japanese stock market experiences high volatility, the exchange rate movements tend to exacerbate the volatility experienced by U.S. investors in the Japanese bond market.
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Moerdyk Corporation's bonds have a 20-year maturity, an 8.95% semiannual coupon, and a par value of $1,000. The going interest rate (rd) is 6.70%, based on semiannual compounding. What is the bond's price?
The bond's price is $1,311.81.
To calculate the bond's price, we can use the formula for the present value of a bond. The formula is:
Bond Price = (Coupon Payment / (1+rd)^1) + (Coupon Payment / (1+rd)^2) + ... + (Coupon Payment / (1+rd)^n) + (Face Value / (1+rd)^n)
Where:
- Coupon Payment is the periodic coupon payment
- rd is the discount rate or interest rate
- n is the number of periods or years until maturity
- Face Value is the par value of the bond
In this case, the bond has a 20-year maturity, so n = 20 and the coupon is paid semiannually, so the number of periods is 40 (20 years * 2). The coupon payment is $8.95 (8.95% of $1,000 divided by 2).
Now, we can substitute the values into the formula:
Bond Price = (8.95 / (1+0.067/2)^1) + (8.95 / (1+0.067/2)^2) + ... + (8.95 / (1+0.067/2)^40) + (1000 / (1+0.067/2)^40)
Therefore, the bond's price is $1,311.81.
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The four actors below have just signed a contract to star in a dramatic movie about relationships among hospital doctors. Filming is expected to take two years to complete. Each person signs independent contracts today with the following terms: Contract Terms Contract Amount Payment Date Derek $ 480,000 2 years Isabel 520,000 3 years Meredith 395,000 Today George 380,000 1 year Required: 1-a. Assuming an annual discount rate of 10%, calculate the present value of the contract amount. (FV of $1, PV of $1, FVA of $1, and PVA of $1) 1-b. Which of the four actors is actually being paid the most? Assuming an annual discount rate of 10%, calculate the present value of the contract amount. Note:Use tables, Excel, or a financial calculator. Round your answers to 2 decimal places. Present Value Derek Isabel Meredith George
The present value of the contract amount for each actor is:
Derek: $396,694.21
Isabel: $390,662.18
Meredith: $395,000
George: $345,454.55
To calculate the present value of the contract amount, we will use the formula PV = FV / (1+r)^n, where PV is the present value, FV is the future value (contract amount), r is the discount rate, and n is the number of years.
1-a. Let's calculate the present value for each actor:
- For Derek:
PV = $480,000 / (1+0.10)^2 = $480,000 / 1.21 = $396,694.21
- For Isabel:
PV = $520,000 / (1+0.10)^3 = $520,000 / 1.331 = $390,662.18
- For Meredith:
PV = $395,000 / (1+0.10)^0 = $395,000 / 1 = $395,000
- For George:
PV = $380,000 / (1+0.10)^1 = $380,000 / 1.1 = $345,454.55
1-b. The actor being paid the most is Isabel, with a present value of $390,662.18.
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A 7.6\% coupon bearing bond pays interest semi-annually and has a maturity of 15 years. If the annual yeld to maturity. \( 6.1 \% \), what is the current nhce of this bond? (Answer to the nearest penny.)
The expression [0.076 * (1,000 / 2) / (1 + 0.061/2)^(215)] + [0.076 * (1,000 / 2) / (1 + 0.061/2)^(214)] + ... + [0.076 * (1,000 / 2) / (1 + 0.061/2)^(21)] + [1,000 / (1 + 0.061/2)^(215)] will give the current price of the bond.
To calculate the current price of the bond, we can use the present value formula, taking into account the coupon payments and the face value of the bond. The formula is as follows:
Current Price = [C / (1 + r/n)^(nt)] + [C / (1 + r/n)^(n(t-1))] + ... + [C / (1 + r/n)^(n1)] + [F / (1 + r/n)^(nt)]
Where:
C = Coupon payment
r = Annual yield to maturity (in decimal form)
n = Number of coupon payments per year
t = Number of years until maturity
F = Face value of the bond
Given:
Coupon rate = 7.6% (0.076)
Annual yield to maturity = 6.1% (0.061)
Maturity = 15 years
Coupon payments per year = 2 (semi-annual payments
Current Price = [0.076 * (1,000 / 2) / (1 + 0.061/2)^(215)] + [0.076 * (1,000 / 2) / (1 + 0.061/2)^(214)] + ... + [0.076 * (1,000 / 2) / (1 + 0.061/2)^(21)] + [1,000 / (1 + 0.061/2)^(215)]
Evaluating this expression will give us the current price of the bond. However, due to the complexity of the calculation, it is recommended to use financial spreadsheet software to obtain an accurate result.
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prices the price elasticity of supply is _______ than the price elasticity of demand and prior to the removal of the tax, the tax burden was _______.
Prices the price elasticity of supply is typically higher than the price elasticity of demand, and prior to the removal of the tax, the tax burden was borne by both buyers and sellers.
The price elasticity of supply measures the responsiveness of the quantity supplied to changes in price. Generally, suppliers have more flexibility in adjusting their production levels in response to price changes, making the price elasticity of supply higher than that of demand.
When a tax is imposed on a good or service, it affects the equilibrium price and quantity. The burden of the tax is shared by both buyers and sellers, depending on the relative elasticities of supply and demand. If supply is relatively more elastic than demand, suppliers can adjust their production and absorb a larger portion of the tax burden. Conversely, if demand is relatively more elastic, buyers can reduce their quantity demanded, shifting more of the tax burden onto sellers.
Without specific information about the elasticities of supply and demand or the details of the tax, it is not possible to determine the precise distribution of the tax burden. The burden could be shared in different proportions between buyers and sellers depending on the relative elasticities and market dynamics.
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what is the present value of an annual leave that pays $90,000 each
year for 10 years assuming a discounted rate of 6% and the first
payment occurs one year from now?
The present value of an annual payment of $90,000 for 10 years at a discount rate of 6% is approximately $661,215.
To calculate the present value of an annuity, we can use the formula:
PV = PMT × [1 - (1 + r)^(-n)] / r
where PV is the present value, PMT is the payment per period, r is the discount rate, and n is the number of periods.
In this case, the payment per period (PMT) is $90,000, the discount rate (r) is 6%, and the number of periods (n) is 10. The first payment occurs one year from now, so we don't need to adjust for present value.
Plugging in the values into the formula:
PV = $90,000 × [1 - (1 + 0.06)^(-10)] / 0.06
Calculating this expression gives us:
PV = $90,000 × [1 - 0.55839] / 0.06
PV = $90,000 × 0.44161 / 0.06
PV = $661,215
Therefore, the present value of an annual payment of $90,000 for 10 years at a discount rate of 6% is approximately $661,215.
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he government is considering imposing a $3 per box tax on rubber bands. They have
commissioned you to analyse the economic effects of this tax. After extensive research, you find
the following demand and supply functions (in thousands of boxes) currently apply in this
market:
QD = 80 – 4P
QS = - 40 + 8P
[Note: there are no marks allocated for drawing a diagram of this, but it may be useful for you to do one]
a) What is the current equilibrium price and quantity? b) What is the size (in dollars) of the consumer surplus? Producer surplus? With the imposition of the tax of $3 per unit, the supply function will become:
QS = -64 + 8P
c) What is the amount of revenue the government expects to earn from this tax? d) What is the new consumer surplus? What is the new producer surplus? e) What is the size (in dollars) of the deadweight loss (if any)? f) Who ultimately will bear most of the burden of this tax? Why?
a) The current equilibrium price is $10 per box and the quantity is 50,000 boxes.
b) The consumer surplus is $125,000 and the producer surplus is $125,000.
c) The government expects to earn $150,000 in revenue from this tax.
d) With the tax, the new supply function becomes QS = -61 + 8P. The new equilibrium price is $9 per box and the quantity is 47,500 boxes.
e) The new consumer surplus is $112,500 and the new producer surplus is $112,500. The deadweight loss is $25,000.
f) Consumers will bear most of the burden of this tax because the demand is relatively inelastic compared to the supply. As a result, consumers will have to pay a higher price, leading to a reduction in quantity demanded and a decrease in consumer surplus. Producers will also bear some of the burden, but they have some flexibility to adjust their prices.
The imposition of the $3 per box tax on rubber bands results in a decrease in equilibrium price and quantity. It leads to a decrease in consumer surplus and producer surplus, with consumers bearing most of the burden. Additionally, a deadweight loss of $25,000 occurs, representing a loss in overall welfare due to the tax. The government is expected to earn $150,000 in revenue from this tax.
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8. What best distinguishes perfect competition from monopolistic competition?
a.
One has barriers to entry; the other does not.
b. One contains only large firms; the other does not.
C.
One is sanctioned by the government; the other is not.
d. One has product differentiation; the other does not.
The best distinction between perfect competition and monopolistic competition is that one has product differentiation, while the other does not.
Perfect competition and monopolistic competition are both types of market structures characterized by a large number of firms and relatively low barriers to entry. However, the key difference lies in product differentiation.
Perfect competition is a market structure where firms produce homogeneous products that are identical in nature. There is no product differentiation, and consumers perceive the goods or services offered by different firms as perfect substitutes for each other. In perfect competition, all firms compete solely based on price, and there is no room for product differentiation or brand loyalty.
On the other hand, monopolistic competition is a market structure where firms produce differentiated products that are similar but not identical. Each firm has some degree of control over its product's price and quality, allowing for product differentiation. This differentiation may be based on features, branding, packaging, customer service, or other factors. As a result, firms in monopolistic competition can exert some influence over their price and attract customers based on perceived differences in their products.
Product differentiation in monopolistic competition leads to a certain degree of market power for individual firms, allowing them to charge higher prices than in perfect competition. This differentiation also creates an element of consumer preference and brand loyalty, as consumers may have varying preferences for different product characteristics.
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Assume Competitive Markets (Prices Are Given) And That The Demand Is More Inelastic Than Supply. Which Of The Following Sfatements Is Comect? We Do Not Have Sufficient Information To Infer Which Surplus Is Greater Consumer Surplus Wh Be Targer Ihan Producer Sumplus Conewmer Surplus Will Be Exactly The Tame As Producer Turplus Consumar Surplus Will Be Larger
Based on the information provided, if the demand is more inelastic than supply, the correct statement is that consumer surplus will be larger.
This is because when demand is more inelastic, consumers are less responsive to changes in price. As a result, they are willing to pay higher prices and thus consumer surplus increases.
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When the demand is more inelastic than supply in a competitive market, the consumer surplus will be larger than the producer surplus. Consumers benefit from paying a lower price than what they are willing to pay, while producers receive a lower price than what they are willing to sell at.
In a competitive market where prices are given, and the demand is more inelastic than supply, the consumer surplus will be larger than the producer surplus.
To understand why, let's break it down step by step:
1. Elasticity: Elasticity measures the responsiveness of quantity demanded or supplied to changes in price. If demand is more inelastic than supply, it means that the quantity demanded is less responsive to changes in price compared to the quantity supplied.
2. Consumer Surplus: Consumer surplus is the difference between what consumers are willing to pay for a product and what they actually pay. In other words, it represents the benefit consumers receive from purchasing a product at a price lower than what they are willing to pay.
When demand is inelastic, consumers are willing to pay a higher price for the product, but due to the competitive market and given prices, they end up paying less. This results in a larger consumer surplus because consumers are benefiting from the lower prices.
3. Producer Surplus: Producer surplus, on the other hand, is the difference between the price at which producers are willing to sell a product and the price they actually receive. In a competitive market, prices are determined by the intersection of supply and demand. When the demand is more inelastic than supply, it means that producers are more willing to sell the product at a lower price compared to what consumers are willing to pay. Therefore, the producer surplus is smaller in this scenario.
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Assume Sheryl Jenkins wants to accumulate $ 13,627.63 in two years. She currently has $ 10,552.49 to invest. What interest rate must she earn on her investment (that is, if she deposits $ 10,552.49 today) to have $ 13,627.63 exactly two years from today?(Record your answer as a percent rounded to 1 decimal place; for example, record .527945 = 52.8% as 52.8).
Assume Jed Gerbil invested $ 14,756 into an account exactly two years ago. The account has an interest rate of 14.5 % p.a. How much does Jed have in his account today (that is, exactly two years after the initial deposit)? (Round your answer to the nearest cent and record your answer without a dollar sign and without commas. For example, record $1,356.8382 as 1356.84).
a. Sheryl Jenkins must earn an interest rate of 29.5% on her investment to accumulate $13,627.63 in two years.
b. Jed Gerbil has $19,406.61 in his account today, two years after the initial deposit of $14,756, with an interest rate of 14.5% per annum.
To determine the interest rate Sheryl Jenkins must earn on her investment, we can use the formula for compound interest:
Future Value = Present Value * (1 + Interest Rate)^Time
Substituting the given values, we have:
$13,627.63 = $10,552.49 * (1 + Interest Rate)^2
Dividing both sides by $10,552.49 and taking the square root, we get:
(1 + Interest Rate) = sqrt($13,627.63 / $10,552.49)
(1 + Interest Rate) = 1.2950
Interest Rate = 1.2950 - 1
Interest Rate = 0.2950
To calculate how much Jed Gerbil has in his account today, we can use the formula for compound interest:
Future Value = Present Value * (1 + Interest Rate)^Time
Substituting the given values, we have:
Future Value = $14,756 * (1 + 0.145)^2
Future Value = $14,756 * (1.145)^2
Future Value = $14,756 * 1.313025
Future Value = $19,406.61
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You have completed a valuation report for the purpose of determining the market rent for a client who owns a commercial strata unit. Your client and their tenant have agreed to a lease rental of $8,000 per month plus a contractual right to recover the cost of outgoings such as water rates, strata levies, council rates and water usage charges and land tax.
The state authorities have not charged GST on the invoices sent to your client for the rates, land tax and other applicable charges. Your client sends their tenant a tax invoice for recovery of these outgoings.
a) Should your client charge GST on this invoice? Why or why not?
No, your client should not charge GST on the invoice for recovery of outgoings.
Since the state authorities have not charged GST on the invoices for rates, land tax, and other applicable charges, your client does not need to pass on the GST to the tenant.
The VAT used in India on the provision of goods and services was replaced by the Goods and Services Tax (GST). GST is a modernised version of VAT that also allows for tracking of the products and services. The taxes slabs for GST and VAT are same.
It is a thorough, multistage, destination-based tax. It is thorough because it has absorbed nearly all indirect taxes, with the exception of a few state levies. Due to its multi-staged nature, the GST is levied at each stage of production. However, because it is a destination-based tax, rather than an origin-based tax like earlier ones, it is collected from the point of consumption rather than the point of origin.
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In Los Angeles, you are considering the purchase of a 47,000-SF office building, of which 70% is leasable. You negotiate a purchase price of $7.5 million with the seller. In year 1, you expect to earn $25 annual rent per SF. You project that this number will grow by 5% every year. The average vacancy rate in the market is currently 3%, but you expect it to increase 50 bps per year. You expect it to cost $350,000 to operate the building, and that too will grow by 5% per year. But you will require your tenants to pay 50% of those expenses. You plan to spend $500,000 in renovations in the first year, and then you will set aside $50,000 every year thereafter for future renovations. You will also need to set aside 10% of EGI for annual leasing costs. The property will be sold at the end of year 6, and you will pay 7% of the price in selling expenses. Between now and then, you expect the property to appreciate at a 8% CAGR. You want to earn a 12% IRR annually. You build a pro forma to answer the following questions.
1. Using this purchase price as the property value, what is the cap rate in year 1? How does this compare to cap rates for other similar properties, according to CBRE data?
2. What is the PBTCF for each year?
3. What is the periodic return for the entire 5-year holding period if all cash flows are reinvested at the discount rate?
4. What is the periodic return for the entire 5-year holding period if the cash flows are not reinvested—and instead are simply added to the final balance?
5. What purchase price should you pay to earn your desired IRR?
Before you sign a contract, the seller has a change of heart. Now they want a purchase price of $8 million (and you adjust the resale price in year 6 accordingly). Use the new purchase and resale prices to answer the following questions.
6. What is the NPV of the investment?
7. What is the IRR of the investment?
8. Based on the NPV and the IRR, is it a good investment? Should you take the new deal?
Listening to the news, you start to become concerned about the possibility of a recession forthcoming. You decide to do a "sensitivity analysis" to determine if the investment is still worthwhile if the future doesn’t work out as you previously expected.
9. How do your NPV and IRR change under the following scenario?
a. Rents do not grow at all in years 1 and 2.
b. Property prices decrease by 10% in year 1.
c. The market becomes riskier, so you require a 14% IRR to make you comfortable investing
1.The cap rate for Year 1 is:Operating income = 25 * 32,900 = 822,500,Other Income = 0,Total Income = 822,500,Expenses = 350,000,Net Operating Income (NOI) = 472,500,
Cap rate = NOI / Property Value = 472,500 / 7,500,000 = 6.3%
According to CBRE, Class A office buildings have an average cap rate of 4.75%, while Class B office buildings have an average cap rate of 6.75%.
Thus, this building would be considered a Class B building as it has a cap rate higher than the Class A average.
2.PBTCF = EGI – Operating Expenses – Capital Expenditures – Leasing Costs – Debt Service
Year 1:EGI = 822,500
Operating Expenses = 350,000
Capital Expenditures = 500,000
Leasing Costs = 82,250
Debt Service = 1,310,140 (6,710,140 * 0.068)
PBTCF = (420,890)
Year 2:EGI = 863,625 (822,500 * 1.05)
Operating Expenses = 367,500 (350,000 * 1.05)
Capital Expenditures = 50,000
Leasing Costs = 89,681 (863,625 * 0.10)
Debt Service = 1,310,140
PBTCF = 36,304
Year 3:EGI = 906,806 (863,625 * 1.05)
Operating Expenses = 385,875 (367,500 * 1.05)
Capital Expenditures = 50,000
Leasing Costs = 95,180 (906,806 * 0.10)
Debt Service = 1,310,140PBTCF = 165,611
Year 4:EGI = 952,147 (906,806 * 1.05)
Operating Expenses = 404,169 (385,875 * 1.05)
Capital Expenditures = 50,000
Leasing Costs = 101,737 (952,147 * 0.10)
Debt Service = 1,310,140
PBTCF = 287,101
Year 5:EGI = 999,754 (952,147 * 1.05)
Operating Expenses = 423,378 (404,169 * 1.05)
Capital Expenditures = 50,000
Leasing Costs = 108,466 (999,754 * 0.10)
Debt Service = 1,310,140
PBTCF = 268,770
Year 6:EGI = 1,049,741 (999,754 * 1.05)
Operating Expenses = 443,547 (423,378 * 1.05)
Capital Expenditures = 50,000
Leasing Costs = 115,369 (1,049,741 * 0.10)
Debt Service = 6,779,942 (6,710,140 + 69,802)
PBTCF = (6,094,118)
3.First, we need to calculate the discount rate:Purchase price = 7,500,000,Capitalization rate (cap rate) = 6.3%,NOI = 472,500,NOI / Purchase price = Cap rate472,500 / Purchase price = 6.3%,Purchase price = $7,500,000,Discount rate = IRR = 12%,Using the financial calculator, we get a PV of 7,171,841.54.
The periodic return is:Periodic return = (FV / PV)^(1/n) – 1 = (9,583,283 / 7,171,841.54)^(1/5) – 1 = 0.090 or 9.0%
4.If cash flows are not reinvested, we can use the IRR function on a financial calculator or in Excel:= IRR (cash flows)
We get an IRR of 15.7%.
5We know that the discount rate (which is the same as the IRR) is 12%. Therefore, we need to adjust the purchase price until the PV of the cash flows equals the new purchase price.
Using the financial calculator, we get a PV of 9,583,283 at the current purchase price of 7,500,000.
Therefore, the new purchase price required to get a 12% IRR is:PMT = 851,542.14 (annual payment)N = 5I/Y = 12%FV = $9,583,283 (future value)CPT PV = -8,000,000 (present value)
6. Year 1:PV = (420,890)
Year 2:PV = 32,400
Year 3:PV = 122,177
Year 4:PV =202,534
Year 5:PV = 187,069
Year 6:PV = 4,756,256
NPV = -125,454
According to the NPV, the investment is not good since it has a negative value.
7. IRR = 6.9%
According to the IRR, the investment is not good since it is less than the required rate of return of 12%.
8. Based on the NPV and the IRR, the investment is not good and should not be pursued. Therefore, the new deal should not be taken.
9. a. Rents do not grow at all in years 1 and 2.:NPV = -$682,020IRR = 0.4%Both the NPV and IRR are negative.
b. Property prices decrease by 10% in year 1.NPV = -$2,634,502IRR = -21.9%Both the NPV and IRR are negative.
c. The market becomes riskier, so you require a 14% IRR to make you comfortable investing,NPV = -$134,826IRR = 13.7%
The NPV is still negative, while the IRR is now above the required rate of return. The investment may be considered but with caution.
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Suppose, for instance, that a mechanic attempts to involve the car owner in performing some of the simple tasks involved in tuning up the car. Assume these tasks include removing the water pump, changing the air filter, gapping and replacing the spark plugs, and replacing defective distributor cables. What are the legal implications of allowing customers to be in the working area? If the customer is injured, who is responsible for healthcare costs? Who is liable for poor workmanship or failures? How is quality maintained when the skills of customers are variable?
Allowing customers in the working area during car maintenance tasks may have legal implications, particularly regarding the responsibility for healthcare costs if the customer is injured. The mechanic could be held liable for poor workmanship or failures, while the specific circumstances and applicable laws determine the extent of responsibility. Maintaining quality can be challenging when customers have varying skills, but mechanics should ensure professional standards are met regardless of customer involvement.
When customers participate in car maintenance tasks, there are legal implications to consider. If a customer sustains an injury, the responsibility for healthcare costs depends on the circumstances. If the injury resulted from the customer's actions, they may be responsible. However, if the mechanic's negligence contributed to the injury, the mechanic may be held liable for the healthcare costs. Similarly, the mechanic is generally responsible for poor workmanship or failures that occur during the maintenance tasks. To maintain quality, mechanics must provide clear instructions to customers and ensure that all tasks are performed to a professional standard, regardless of the varying skills of the customers. This helps mitigate potential issues and uphold the quality of the work performed.
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The United States Declaration of Independence is grounded in
natural law.
Group of answer choices
True
False
The statement "The United States Declaration of Independence is grounded in natural law" is true.
The Declaration of Independence, a document written primarily by Thomas Jefferson, is a proclamation of individual rights that is grounded in the principles of natural law.
According to natural law theory, moral and ethical standards should be determined by the natural world rather than by divine law, human legislation, or cultural customs and norms. Natural law principles, as they relate to human rights and justice, are used in the Declaration of Independence.
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Matthew earned $1,000 this pay period. He will pay $94.12 in federal taxes. He does not have to pay state income tax. Social security tax is 6.2%, which is $62. Medicare is 1.45%, which is $14.50. Calculate Matthew's net pay with all mandatory taxes included.
Answer: 829.38
Explanation:
You have $80,000 in your retirement fund that is earning 5.5 percent per year, compounded quarterly. How many dollars in withdrawals per month would reduce this nest egg to zero in 10 years?
The monthly withdrawals required to reduce the fund to zero in ten years will be $901.27 (because there are twelve months in a year).Given: $80,000 is invested in a retirement fund. The rate of interest is 5.5 percent per year.
It is compounded quarterly. We need to find how much we need to withdraw per month to reduce the nest egg to zero in ten years. This is a case of an annuity with periodic payments made at the end of each period. We have to find the periodic payment in such a way that the value of the annuity equals $80,000 in ten years. We know that the formula for the present value of an annuity due with periodic payments R, payable for n periods at interest rate i, is:
PV = (R/i) *[tex][1 - 1/(1+i)^n][/tex]
For a future value FV, this formula becomes:
FV = R * [tex][(1+i)^n - 1/i][/tex]
Using this formula, we get:FV = $0 (as the fund should be reduced to zero at the end of ten years), PV = $80,000, n = 10 years,i = 5.5%/4 (quarterly compounding) = 1.375%.
Quarterly compounding means that there are 4 compounding periods in a year.Rewriting the FV formula in terms of R, we get:
R = (i*PV) / [[tex](1+i)^n[/tex] - 1]R
= (0.01375 * $80,000) / [[tex](1 + 0.01375)^40[/tex]- 1]R
= $901.27
Thus, the monthly withdrawals required to reduce the fund to zero in ten years will be $901.27 (because there are twelve months in a year).
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How much will Maria and Raul have to deposit each month into an annuity that earns 4.5%, if they want to have $35,000.00 in 8 years? Assume the interest rate does not change while the account is open. Round your final answers to the nearest cent. How much interest, in total, will they earn?
To calculate the monthly deposit Maria and Raul need to make into the annuity, we can use the formula for the future value of an ordinary annuity:
[ FV = P \times \left( \frac{{(1 + r)^n - 1}}{r} \right) \]
Where:
FV is the future value ($35,000.00),
P is the monthly deposit they need to make,
r is the monthly interest rate (4.5% or 0.045),
and n is the number of months (8 years multiplied by 12 months per year).
Rearranging the formula, we can solve for P:
[ P = \frac{{FV \times r}}{{(1 + r)^n - 1}} \]
Substituting the given values, we have:
[ P = \frac{{35000 \times 0.045}}{{(1 + 0.045)^{8 \times 12} - 1}} \]
Calculating this expression will give us the monthly deposit they need to make to have $35,000.00 in 8 years, rounded to the nearest cent.
To calculate the total interest they will earn, we can subtract the total amount deposited from the future value:
[ Total Interest = (P \times n) - FV \]
Substituting the values, we can calculate the total interest earned, rounded to the nearest cent.
Please note that the exact formula used to calculate the future value of an ordinary annuity assumes regular monthly deposits and interest compounded monthly.
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lection
4
Book
Suppose that the manager of a construction supply house determined from historical records that demand for sand averages 49 tons. In addition, suppose the manager determined that demand during lead time could be described by a normal distribution that has a mean of 49 and a standard deviation of 3 tons. Answer the following questions assuming that the manager is willing to accept a stockout risk of no more than 3 percent. Use Table 8.2 (Round your answer to two decimal points.) a. What value of z is appropriate?
Format
Rotation
stic Effects
c. What reorder point should be used? (Round your answer to two decimal points.)
b. How much safety stock should be held? (Round your answer to two decimal points.)
Safety Stock
Edges
a. The appropriate value of z can be found by subtracting the desired service level from 1 and then looking up the corresponding value in Table 8.2.
b. The safety stock can be calculated by multiplying the value of z from part (a) by the standard deviation of the lead time demand.
c. The reorder point should be the average demand during lead time plus the safety stock.
Given that the manager is willing to accept a stockout risk of no more than 3 percent:
a. The value of z can be found as:z = Z(1 - desired service level)
= Z(1 - 0.03) = Z(0.97)
b. The safety stock can be calculated as:
safety stock = z * standard deviation of lead time demand = z * 3 tons
c. The reorder point should be:
reorder point = average demand during lead time + safety stock = 49 tons + safety stock
Please note that the specific value of z and the calculations may differ depending on the exact values provided in Table 8.2.
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